What is a small claims case?
A small claims case is a simple and fast court procedure for collecting money. It covers claims for payment of money, such as unpaid loans, unpaid goods or services, rentals, and damages, where the amount claimed does not exceed ₱1,000,000, not counting interest and costs.
These cases follow the Rules on Expedited Procedures in the First Level Courts (A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC), in effect since 2022. They are filed in the first-level courts: the Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in Cities, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts and Metropolitan Trial Courts.
How it works
- Barangay first, when required. If you and the other party live in the same city or municipality, the dispute usually must go through barangay conciliation before you file.
- File the Statement of Claim. The court uses standard forms. Attach copies of your evidence, such as the contract, receipts and demand letters.
- The other party answers. The defendant files a Response, using the court's form, within the period stated in the summons.
- One hearing. The judge tries to settle the case first. If there is no settlement, the judge hears both sides and decides.
Do I need a lawyer?
At the hearing, lawyers generally cannot appear on behalf of a party, unless the lawyer is the plaintiff or the defendant. You present your own case. A lawyer may still help you before the hearing, for example in sending a demand letter, preparing the forms and organizing your evidence.
Is the decision final?
Yes. The decision in a small claims case is final and cannot be appealed. This is why it helps to prepare your evidence well.
Tips
- Send a written demand before filing, and keep proof that it was received.
- Keep all receipts, messages and agreements in order.
- Know the full name and correct address of the person you are claiming from.
This guide is general legal information as of October 2026. It is not legal advice. Laws and rules change, and the facts of each case matter. Consult a lawyer about your specific situation.